历史系男生

"The best moment in reading are when you come across something...a thought, a feeling, a way of looking at things that you'd thought special, particular to you, and here it is, set down by someone else, a person you've never met, maybe even someone long dead. And...it's as if a hand...has come out...and taken yours."-- From Hector.一个六十岁的老男人，是一所中学的老师，和八个年轻的男孩在一起念诗歌读文学。

唯一的安慰，可能就是每次借带他们回家的名义，给他们自己的“benedictions". 他原本想有一辆装满书的车，环游世界。

却最终在一次车祸中离开人世。

或许，这就是他的一生。

求而不可得，漫无边际的孤独，唯有书本能给自己安慰。

可是，那始终不是柔软的，有温度的，真实的手，不是吗？

应该是冗长的两个小时，可是因为英伦的气息我还是坚持了。

整个片结束之后回味的还是 DAKINDUI 对 POSNER 的奖励 （拥抱）“就这样了吗？

我期望已久的时刻““有错吗？

”“太短了把”“应该更久一点”————“照办吧 快啊！！

”IS THAT IT ? THE LONGED FOR MONMENT.WELL,WHAT'S WRONG WITH IT?IT'S TOO FUCKING BRIEF.I WAS LOOKING FOR SOMETHING MORE LINGERING.GO ON .我就单单看这个片段就来回了好几次。

在有些人眼里，影片的同性恋内容有点观赏障碍。

实际上，大多数同志情节仅仅意味着青春性冲动，如果因为这个原因错过这部电影，或者因此诟病这部影片，那就太低估自己的鉴赏力了。

对于酷爱哲学、历史、文学、艺术的观众来说，The History Boys充满了精妙的智慧，很多情节会让人产生强烈的共鸣；如果你喜爱哲学、历史、文学、艺术和男孩，那么，The History Boys就圆满了\(^o^)/Nicholas Hytner和Alan Bennett为这部影片贡献了精彩的剧本，一流的台词，机智有趣的细节，还有广博的人生观和前卫的历史观并且把抽象的理念和典雅的内涵非常巧妙地融入到青春生活中，自然流畅，不落俗套。

细节与情节环环相扣，每一处交锋和引用都暗示着某种生活状态和角色心理。

最重要的，这些生活细节和历史中的角色，或者某些文学作品中的人生，同样息息相关，同样的感同身受。

历史和文艺，就是这样生动地被带入永恒的记忆。

The History Boys也是如此来打动喜欢思考的观众。

当然，还有群体一流的表演！！！

It’s not in the subjunctive！

The History Boys他们太有才了！

Quotations and References: Act One (Page numbers refer to the 2004 paperback Faber & Faber edition. List compiled by Tudor Economic Documents.)p5"All knowledge is precious whether or not it serves the slightest human use." - HectorA.E. Housman"Loveliest of trees, the cherry now." - HectorA Shropshire Lad, A.E. Housmanp6"Wash me in steep-down gulfs of liquid fire!" - HectorOthello, Othello, William Shakespeare, Act V, Scene 2"I have put before you life and death, blessing and cursing: therefore choose life, that both thou and thy seed may live." - HectorDeuteronomy 30:19p7"Look up, My Lord.""Vex not his ghost. O let him pass. He hates himThat would upon the rack of this tough worldStretch him out longer.""O, he is gone indeed.""The wonder is he hath endured so long.He but usurped this life...""...I have a journey sir, shortly to go;My master calls me, I must not say no." - Hector"The weight of this sad time we must obeySpeak what we feel, not what we ought to say."- Edgar (Posner), Kent (Timms/Hector), King Lear, William Shakespeare, Act V, Scene 3Hymns Ancient and Modern - a Church of England hymnal.p9Renaissance Man - answers.com: "A man who has broad intellectual interests and is accomplished in areas of both the arts and the sciences."p12Although the script does not make it clear, Posner here sings the chorus of L'Accordéoniste, a song popularised by Edith Piaf.p13La Vie en Rose - 1946 song, Edith Piaf's signature song. (lyrics)p23The Catcher in the Rye - a novel by J.D. Salinger."Let each child that's in your care-""Have as much neurosis as the child can bear." - Hector and Mrs LintottW.H. Auden, Letter to Lord ByronHecatomb - like holocaust, a word associated with sacrifice. In this sense, 'holocaust' refers to an animal sacrifice by fire.p24"...since Wilfred Owen says men were dying like cattle, [hecatombs] is the appropriate word." - DakinReferring to Wilfred Owen's famous WWI poem, Anthem for a Doomed Youth.Trench warfare - static lines of defence in war, with each side basing soldiers in trenches as a means of defence.Haig - Field Marshal Douglas Haig, nicknamed 'Butcher of the Somme', one of the more controversial figures in WWI."The humiliation of Germany at Versailles." - refers to the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, a formal peace treaty with Germany at the close of WWI. It included that Germany take full responsibility for the war and imposed several restrictions of territorial, military and economic matters."Ruhr and the Rhineland." - refers to the Ruhr Crisis. France sent forces to occupy the Ruhr, an area in the north of the Rhineland, in an effort to force Germany to once again make reparation payments, which they stopped in 1923. Britain and the United States did not support this action."The collapse of the Weimar Republic" - in the late 1920s and early 1930s, towards the beginning of depression in Germany, the Weimar Republic saw the rise of the popularity of the Nazi party.p25The Cenotaph - The Cenotaph in Whitehall, London is where the national ceremony takes place on Remembrance Sunday (11th November, the day hostilities ceased in the First World War).The Last Post - a bugle call used to commemorate those who have died in war. It is sounded on Remembrance Sunday following the two minutes' silence.Passchendaele - refers to the 1917 battle of Passchendaele. Dakin is referring to Haig's controversial campaign, in which damage was inflicted to the German Army at great expense to the lives of British troops.The Somme - refers to the 1916 Battle of the Somme. Exact casualty figures vary, but several hundred thousand were killed in battle, a large proportion of these on the first day. Again, blame was laid upon Haig's leadership.The Unknown Soldier - the Unknown Soldier is an unidentified soldier killed in battle, buried with full military honours as a symbol of all the unidentified soldiers killed in battle. The British tomb dedicated to the 'Unknown Warrior' is found in London, and contains the body of an unidentified soldier killed in the First World War.Siegfried Sassoon - an English poet famous for his anti-war poetry."If any question why we died,Tell them because our fathers lied." - IrwinCommon Form, Rudyard KiplingRembrandt - Dutch painter, 1606 - 1669.p27"Those long uneven linesStanding as patientlyAs if they were stretched outsideThe Oval or Villa Park,The crowns of hats, the sunOn moustached archaic facesGrinning as if it were allAn August Bank Holiday lark...""...Never such innocence,Never before or since,As changed itself to pastWithout a word--the menLeaving the gardens tidy,The thousands of marriages,Lasting a little while longer:Never such innocence again." - Scripps, Lockwood, Akthar, Posner, Timms.MCMXIV, Philip Larkin.p28Western Front - the term used in WWI and WWII to describe the frontier between the Allied Forces and Germany.p29Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered - 1940s song with lyrics by Lorenz Hart and Richard Rogers. Features in the musical Pal Joey.p30"O villainy! Let the door be locked!Treachery! Seek it out." - Hector Hamlet, William Shakespeare, Act V, Scene 2The Trial - a novel by Franz Kafka, about a man arrested and charged with a crime he knows nothing about."The person from Porlock" - a reference to the story of the visitor to Coleridge during the writing of Kubla Khan, resulting in the poem's incomplete status."Don Giovanni: the Commendatore" - Don Giovanni is an opera by Mozart and Lorenzo da Ponte. Il Commendatore is a significant character in the work."Behold, I stand at the door and knock." - ScrippsRevelation 3:20p31"Did the knights knock at the door of Canterbury before they murdered Beckett?" - HectorThomas Beckett, the Archbishop of Canterbury (1162 - 1170) was assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral. He was later canonised in 1173.Now, Voyager - a 1942 film starring Bette Davis and Paul Henreid, about a woman who falls in love whilst in therapy after a nervous breakdown.p32"The untold want by life and land ne'er granted,Now voyager sail thou forth to seek and find." - HectorLeaves of Grass, Walt Whitman.p33The Carry On films - a series of British comedy films, parodies of famous historical and literary events or people. They are famous for their excessive use of double entendres in dialogue and slapstick comedy.p34George Orwell - an English author and journalist, who was famous for his political and social commentary in his essays and novels.p35Stalin - First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Part from 1922 to 1953, effectively becoming a dictator by the late 1920s.Henry VIII - Second Tudor King of England, reigning from 1491 - 1547. Responsible for the introduction of Protestantism to England."Mrs Thatcher" - Margaret Thatcher, British Prime Minister from 1975-1990. She was the first (and, thus far, only) female Prime Minister in Britain.Pearl Harbour - the attack on Pearl Harbour took place in 1941, when the Japanese attacked the American naval base at that location. Franklin Roosevelt, the President at the time, delivered the Infamy Speech condemning the attack.Francis Bacon - English philosopher, knighted by James I in 1603.p36"Turner, then, or Ingres." - IrwinJ. M. W. Turner was an English painter in the Romantic movement. Jean Ingres was a French painter working in the 1880s."About suffering they were never wrong,The Old Masters...how it takes placeWhile someone else is eating or opening a window..." - TimmsMusée des Beaux Arts, W. H. Auden.p37"Breaking bread with the dead, sir. That's what we do." - Akthar- from the statement "Art is breaking bread with the dead", by W. H. Auden.The Mikado - an opera by Gilbert and Sullivan, first opening in 1885."The heart has its reasons of which reason knows nothing."Pensées, a philosophical work by Blaise Pascal.p38"We're not just a hiccup between the end of university and the beginning of life, like Auden are we, sir?" - LockwoodAuden was a schoolteacher."Lay your sleeping head, my love,Human on my faithless arm." - DakinLullaby, W. H. Auden"England, you have been here too long,And the songs you sing are the songs you sungOn a braver day. Now they are wrong." - LockwoodVoices Against England in the Night, Stevie SmithNot Waving But Drowning - a poem by Stevie Smith, published in 1957.p40Brief Encounter - a 1945 film starring Celia Johnson and Trevor Howard, telling the story of a couple, both married, who meet in a railway station and soon fall in love. This scene takes place at the end of the film, when Laura (Celia Johnson) returns to her husband, rather than the man she has just fallen in love with.p44When I Survey the Wondrous Cross - a hymn written by Isaac Watts.p45Matins - Early morning or late night prayers, a feature of many Christian denominations."A painter of the Umbrian schoolDesigned upon a gesso groundThe nimbus of the Baptized God.The wilderness is cracked and brownedBut through the water pale and thinStill shine the unoffending feetAnd there above the painter setThe Father and the Paraclete." - ScrippsMr Eliot's Sunday Morning Service, T. S. EliotPiero della Francesca - an Italian Renaissance artist.p47Nietzsche - a German philosopher, writing in the 1800s.p51"After such knowledge, what forgiveness?" - HectorGerontion, T.S. Eliot.p52"The tree of man was never quiet:Then 'twas the Roman, now 'tis I." - HectorOn Wenlock Edge, A. E. Housman"To think that two and two are fourAnd neither five nor threeThe heart of man has long been soreAnd long 'tis like to be." - HectorA Shropshire Lad, A. E. Housmanp53Plato - an ancient Greek philosopher, who wrote about the teachings of Socrates. The notion of Platonic love is found, in one example, in his discussion of the relationship between Socrates and the young Alcibiades.Michelangelo - Italian Renaissance artist. He is famous focus upon the aesthetic of male beauty and the homoeroticism which may be found in his work.Oscar Wilde - English playwright and poet of the nineteenth century. He was famously tried and sentenced for his homosexuality.p54Rupert Brooke - an English poet, most famous for his First World War poetry. Posner here quotes the opening of his poem The Soldier.p55"The Zulu Wars" - a reference to the war between the Zulus and the United Kingdom in the 1870s."The Boer War" - refers to either the first or the second Boer wars, fought between the British Empire and the Boer Republics in the late 1800s.p57"The words of Mercury are harsh after the songs of Apollo." - HectorLove's Labour's Lost, William Shakespeare, Act V, Scene 2---以上是quote的quote=)from: http://www.subjunctive-history.co.uk ,是这部剧的专门网站

在National Theatre 50周年庆典里看到The History Boys里的“妓院”片段，太有趣了，找来了根据戏剧改编的电影看。

演员表里有英剧Vicious里演Violet的Frances de la Tour，觉得又赚到。

本来以为是个轻松好笑的喜剧，可看完却觉得受到了“欺骗”。

电影比预想的更有灵气，也不愧为NT戏剧改编的片子，对白精彩有感染力，很多都像诗。

这是一群在谢菲尔德的高中优等生，A Level成绩基本都是3A，为进牛剑做着最后的准备。

历史老师Dorothy给他们打了很好的基础，综合课老师Hector教的知识有趣却虚无缥缈。

校长觉得学生们足够聪明，但缺乏应考的窍门和锋芒。

把这个任务交给了新聘请的临时教师Irwin，留给他的时间是3个月。

有用和无用Hector胖胖的，满头白发，永远穿三件套西服，打一个领结。

他用一种自由的、无目的的方式，讲授诗歌、戏剧、歌曲，以及一切和文字、情绪、美有关的东西。

不仅有阳春白雪，也有下里巴人，因为后者能让大家更轻松地爱上文学这个看似高不可攀的殿堂。

学生们在课堂上弹琴、唱歌、即兴表演，Hector经常讲着讲着触景生情，蹦出一句诗文……但这些像是漂在空中的气息，可以感受却无法触及，对于面临面试压力的学生来说，不实用也没有针对性。

Irwin是牛津毕业的年轻老师，一开课就觉得学生们的观点太乏味了。

考官需要的是别出心裁的见解，而不是千人一面的判断。

他鼓励大家在看似既定的事实面前，去讨论、挖掘不同的、甚至相反的观点。

就像Rudge说的，他的教学方法很cutting edge。

真相并不重要，自己是否相信也不重要，关键是有新意，毕竟这是场考试。

Hector教给学生的知识很有意思，能作为零散的小引文来点缀文章，但也仅此而已。

Irwin的到来让学生们对Hector的抵触情绪增加了，他们需要老师划重点、教技巧，讲授更有用的东西。

而不是Hector式的天马行空。

但到底，什么是有用？

Timms跟Hector抱怨为什么又讲诗歌，他们搞不懂诗歌。

Hector和他讲，自己也从来没懂过诗歌，但是现在学习它、了解它，总有一天你会理解的。

Posner和Hector讨论哈代的作品时，Hector说“阅读中最美妙的时刻是，当你有所领悟，一种思想、一种感受、一种看待事物的方式，你原以为很特别，只有你才能领会到，而在这里，另外一个人已经表达了出来。

一个你从未见过的人，甚至是死了很久的人。

然后，仿佛有一只手，伸出来抓住了你的。

”对我来说，真正有用的事物能帮我们直面孤独，有超出理智解释范畴的美感，并且治愈人心。

像鲁迅先生说的，人类的悲欢并不相通，作为群居动物，我们最终还是孤独的。

但阅读是场跨越空间和时间的对话，读到有些片段，好像心里的一个角落被击中。

突然觉得原来有人和自己分享着同样的想法，虽然不一定会见到彼此，但仰头都望着同一轮月亮。

在这些时刻，孤独的秘密突然也变得美好起来，散发着温柔的光芒。

另一些时候，我们读着书，发现它也是我们自身生活的注脚，解释了那些哭笑不得的行走戏剧。

毕竟，太阳底下并无新鲜事。

和一本书的缘分随着时间也在变化。

曾经觉得枯燥难忍的书，有一天却生动可爱起来。

曾经读来欢喜的书，再读的时候也总有新的体悟。

有时候看着一汪湖水我们突然想起了一首诗，穿行在熙攘的街上我们哼起了很久前的一首歌。

那些看似“无用”的美好，让我们在太“有用”的一日日忙碌里，享受到完整和平和。

定论和讨论Hector鼓励大家去表达真实、确定的情感，而Irwin引领学生去探索事实背后的其他可能性。

随着校长对Irwin教学方法的认可，Hector的课时要和Irwin共享，在一堂课上共同讲课。

这时，深刻和机智的矛盾也最大地被激发了出来。

Irwin在课上提议讨论大屠杀的话题，Hector反对，觉得不应该教学生这个话题，直接谴责集中营是种空前的恐怖。

但学生们觉得他的答案没有新意，要把它放进情景（context）里讨论。

接下来的一段对话很有意思。

身为犹太人的Posner生气地说，把事情放进情景里讨论，指的是那些能被理解或解释的事物。

一件事如果可以被解释，那也就可以被开脱。

Rudge在一边补充，可被理解即是可被宽恕的。

Irwin赞许到Good point。

Scripps和Irwin说，你一直说good point。

这不是重点，先生，关键是它是真实的。

（You keep saying “good point”. Not good point, sir. True!）Posner也更为抗拒地表示，对你来说大屠杀只是我们有可能考到的另一个题目。

Irwin解释到，不是这样的，但这就是历史，要把自己作为旁观者来研究它。

Hector的观点和情感是强烈、直接、纯粹的，无法因为任何目的去修饰。

而Irwin则觉得任何事情都有多面性，把自己从情感漩涡里抽离出来，就会看到更多的可能。

我其实更赞同Irwin的想法，作为一个怀疑主义者，总觉得我们没有聪明到自信掌握了绝对真理。

相信自己的情感和判断，但也欢迎并且愿意去探讨更多可能性。

但问题是，就像这个场景里探讨的，是否所有问题都有多面性？

都可以被探讨？

坦然和隐藏大多数人都隐藏了自己那个毛茸茸的尾巴，因为我们怕被人笑话。

Irwin声称自己毕业于牛津，但其实毕业于Bristol。

看似那么自信的Irwin也有自卑情绪，内心觉得自己不够聪明，什么事都不够好；Hector是个gay，但结婚多年。

他经常骑摩托车载学生回家，时不时伸一下黄油手。

虽然没有大碍，但终于被交通协管员发现。

校长以此为由要求Hector提早退休。

相比之下，Rudge清楚地知道自己想要什么，并且毫不掩饰。

他是这群人里成绩最差的，但对运动有强烈的兴趣。

在模拟面试里，老师问他如何给历史下定义？

Rudge说，就是一件混蛋的事情接着另一件。

Hector和他说，即便牛津剑桥的球队需要你，也要给面试官一个台阶下，表现出一些其他特质。

Rudge坦率地讲：“我对这个（面试）真的不行。

抱歉。

如果他们喜欢我，想录取我，那么他们会因为我既无趣又平庸而录取我。

”敏感的Posner则有着并不自知的坦然。

他从来不隐藏自己对Dakin的爱慕。

书里都说也许年轻时对同性的爱只是一个阶段，是会过去的，但Posner说，我并不想让它过去。

影片末尾，未来的Posner成为了一个像Hector一样的老师，他说自己并不快乐，但也不因此郁闷（I’m not happy, but I’m not unhappy about it）。

他和生活、和自己达成了和解。

Pass the Parcel学生们最后都有了好去处，被牛津和剑桥录取。

他们用了Irwin的方式，在essay里把希特勒写成个被误解的人，说伊丽莎白二世能力一般、只是有机会施展罢了……但Hector给他们的影响，恐怕比他们自己知道的要多。

Dakin的essay写的是历史上的转折点。

他和Irwin说，1940年张伯伦辞去首相职务时，丘吉尔并不是第一人选，Halifax其实更受欢迎。

但是在做决定的那个下午，Halifax决定去看牙医。

如果他有一口好牙的话，英国可能已经输掉了那场战争。

Irwin觉得这很有意思。

Dakin说这是虚拟历史（subjective history），Hector最爱用虚拟语气了。

Irwin听到这里笑了。

片子快结束的时候，Dakin给了Posner一个拥抱，开玩笑说是对他获得奖学金的奖励。

Posner抱怨说，这就是我期待已久的时刻吗？

也太TM短了。

Dakin又冲过去笑着抱了抱他。

这就是青春呀。

如果影片没有最后5分钟，该多美好……Hector走了，但他的“童话”世界永不落幕。

校长在悼词里说“他为学生在文学殿堂里开了一个定期账户，让他们成为那美妙文学世界的一位持股者”。

我心目中最好的老师，是像Hector那样，不只讲授知识，而是引发学生的兴趣、好奇心和鉴别美的能力，鼓励他们自由去感受、探索、表达。

能体味虚妄、无用的美才是真正的乐事。

“Pass the parcel, that’s sometimes all you can do. Take it, pass it, feel it and pass it on.”

考据癖如我找了找片中提到的诗歌。

原诗在前，网上能找到的中文译本放在后面。

这几首里我最喜欢是《鼓手霍奇》。

[No.1] 眠歌- []LullabyBy W.H.AudenLay your sleeping head, my love, Human on my faithless arm; Time and fevers burn awayIndividual beauty fromThoughtful children, and the graveProves the child ephemeral: But in my arms till break of dayLet the living creature lie, Mortal, guilty, but to meThe entirely beautiful.Soul and body have no bounds: To lovers as they lie uponHer tolerant enchanted slopeIn their ordinary swoon, Grave the vision Venus sendsOf supernatural sympathy, Universal love and hope; While an abstract insight wakesAmong the glaciers and the rocksThe hermit's carnal ecstasy.Certainty, fidelityOn the stroke of midnight passLike vibrations of a bellAnd fashionable madmen raiseTheir pedantic boring cry: Every farthing cost, All the dreaded cards foretell, Shall be paid, but from this nightNot a whisper, not a thought, Not a kiss nor look be lost.Beauty, midnight, vision dies: Let the winds of dawn that blowSoftly round your dreaming headSuch a day of welcome showEye and knocking heart may bless, Find our mortal world enough; Noons of dryness find you fedBy the involuntary powers, Nights of insult let you passWatched by every human love.　摇篮曲　　薛舟 译放下你沉睡的头，我的爱，在我背叛的臂弯里：时间和热病烧掉了个体的美丽，从沉思的孩子身上，坟墓证明那孩子的短命：但在破晓之前，先让仅存的生者躺在我的臂弯，平凡、有罪，对我来说却是彻底的美丽。

爱人们的灵魂和肉体没有界限：当他们躺在惯常的陶醉中那被施以魔法的宽容的斜坡，铭记下维纳斯送来超自然的同情心、以及普遍的爱和希望的幻象；当一个抽象的顿悟从冰河与岩石中唤醒隐士世俗的狂热。

确定性，和忠诚在午夜钟声的敲打中走开像一个铃铛在颤动时髦的疯子提高了他们书生气的烦人的喊叫：损失掉的每一法寻都要被偿还。

所有恐怖的纸牌的预言都要得到兑现。

但不是从这个夜晚也不是一声耳语，一个想法不是一个吻，更不是错过的一瞥。

美、午夜、幻象都将死去：就让黎明的风吹着轻柔地环绕你做梦的头这样受欢迎的一天显示出眼睛和搏动的心脏或许在祝福，发现我们平凡的世界已经足够；干燥的正午你已经被喂饱被一种不经意的力量，凌辱之夜允许你通过在每一对世间爱人的注视下。

　[No.2] 美术馆- []Musée des Beaux Arts By W. H. AudenAbout suffering they were never wrong, The Old Masters; how well, they understood Its human position; how it takes place While someone else is eating or opening a window or just walking dully along; How, when the aged are reverently, passionately waiting For the miraculous birth, there always must be Children who did not specially want it to happen, skating On a pond at the edge of the wood: They never forgot That even the dreadful martyrdom must run its course Anyhow in a corner, some untidy spot Where the dogs go on with their doggy life and the torturer's horse Scratches its innocent behind on a tree. In Breughel's Icarus, for instance: how everything turns away Quite leisurely from the disaster; the ploughman may Have heard the splash, the forsaken cry, But for him it was not an important failure; the sun shone As it had to on the white legs disappearing into the green Water; and the expensive delicate ship that must have seen Something amazing, a boy falling out of the sky, had somewhere to get to and sailed calmly on. 美术馆 查良铮 译 关于苦难他们总是很清楚的， 这些古典画家：他们多么深知它在 人心中的地位，深知痛苦会产生， 当别人在吃，在开窗，或正作着无聊的散步的时候； 深知当老年人热烈地、虔敬地等候 神异的降生时，总会有些孩子 并不特别想要他出现，而却在 树林边沿的池塘上溜着冰。

他们从不忘记： 即使悲惨的殉道也终归会完结 在一个角落，乱糟糟的地方， 在那里狗继续过着狗的生涯，而迫害者的马 把无知的臀部在树上摩擦。

在勃鲁盖尔的《伊卡鲁斯》里，比如说； 一切是多么安闲地从那桩灾难转过脸： 农夫或许听到了堕水的声音和那绝望的呼喊， 但对于他，那不是了不得的失败； 太阳依旧照着白腿落进绿波里； 那华贵而精巧的船必曾看见 一件怪事，从天上掉下一个男孩， 但它有某地要去，仍静静地航行。

美术馆 余光中 译 说到苦难，他们从未看错， 古代那些大师：他们深切体认 苦难在人世的地位；当苦难降临， 别人总是在进食或开窗或仅仅默然走过； 当长者正虔诚地、热烈地等， 等奇迹降临，总有孩子们 不特别期待它发生，正巧 在林边的池塘上溜冰： 大师们从不忘记 即使可怖的殉道也必须在一隅 独自进行，在杂乱的一隅 一任狗照常过狗的日子，酷吏的马匹 向一颗树干摩擦无辜的后臀。

例如布鲁果的《伊卡瑞斯》，众人 都悠然不顾那劫难，那农夫可能 听见了水波溅洒，呼救无望， 但是不当它是惨重的牺牲；阳光灿照， 不会不照见白净的双腿没入碧湛 的海波；那豪华优雅的海舟必然看见 一幕奇景，一童子自天而降， 却有路要赶，仍安详地向前航行。

ABOUT THE POEM: meaning:The basic premise of the poem is response to tragedy, or as the song goes "Obla Di, Obla Da, Life Goes On." The title refers to the Museum of Fine Arts in Brussels. Auden visited the museum in 1938 and viewed the painting by Brueghel, which the poem is basically about. Generalizing at first, and then going into specifics the poem theme is the apathy with which humans view individual suffering.Auden wrote that "In so far as poetry, or any of the arts, can be said to have an ulterior purpose, it is, by telling the truth, to disenchant and disintoxicate."The poem juxtaposes ordinary events and exraordinary ones, although extraordinary events seem to deflate to everyday ones with his descriptions. Life goes on while a "miraculous birth occurs", but also while "the disaster" of Icarus's death happens. background info:For those cultural barbarians who don't know the story of Icarus, here it is, in condensed form. Icarus was a Greek mythological figure, also known as the son of Daedalus (famous for the Labyrinth of Crete). Now Icarus and his dad were stuck in Crete, because the King of Crete wouldn't let them leave. Daedalus made some wings for the both of them and gave his son instruction on how to fly (not too close to the sea, the water will soak the wings, and not too close to the sky, the sun will melt them). Icarus, however, appeared to be obstinate and did fly to close to the sun. This caused the wax that held his wings to his body to melt. Icarus crashed into the sea and died. hints:Some have even claimed to find hints of Auden's eventual reconversion to Christiantiy in the poem. Richard Johnson, author of "Man's Place: An Essay on Auden", believes there is a touch of Christian awareness in the poem, especially the timeline. The reader of the poem is placed in front of the Breughel painting in a museum, and at the same time is expected to project those images and truths to the world outside. There is also a sort of continuity through the poem as you read it and are allowed to see what the poet means. This allows a reader to become aware of his human position.The poem first discusses a "miraculous birth", and at the end "the tragedy" of a death. The theme in the poem is human suffering. If you add these things together, and stir really well you might even get some hints at religion, mainly at Christianity Also, the poem suggest a religious acceptance of suffering (example: eating your morning breakfast while watching coverage of a serious trainwreck on CNN). Religious acceptance basically means coming to terms with the ways of the world. [No.3] 西罗普郡少年- []A SHROPSHIRE LAD XXXI. "On Wenlock Edge the wood's in trouble..."by A. E. Housman (1859-1936) On Wenlock Edge the wood's in trouble;His forest fleece the Wrekin heaves;The gale, it plies the saplings double,And thick on Severn snow the leaves.'Twould blow like this through holt and hangerWhen Uricon the city stood:'Tis the old wind in the old anger,But then it threshed another wood.Then, 'twas before my time, the RomanAt yonder heaving hill would stare:The blood that warms as English yeoman,The thoughts that hurt him, they were there.There, like the wind through woods in riot,Through him the gale of life blew high;The tree of man was never quiet:Then 'twas the Roman, now 'tis I.The gale, it plies the saplings double,It blows so hard, 'twill soon be gone:To-day the Roman and his troubleAre ashes under Uricon.A.E.Housman简介：Alfred Edward Housman was born in a village in rural Shropshire, England in 1859. As a student at Oxford, he distinguished himself as a promising scholar of classics, though crises of a personal nature caused him to fail his final exams. Housman was determined to overcome this failing. When not working at the British Patent office Housman wrote scholarly articles, and published many of them to very high regard from those in academic circles. He was invited to teach at the University of London as a professor of Latin, and soon stepped up to Cambridge University, to retire to the life of a shy academic. He published only two volumes of poetry --A Shropshire Lad in 1898 and Last Poems in 1922 -- yet these were instantly and enormously popular. However successful he was, the tone of his poems remained that of the Latin poets he admired: that life is short and often, inexplicably, comes to a bad end.另外，八十多年前郁达夫也曾提到过A Shropshire Lad：啊呵，去年六月在灯火繁华的上海市外，在车马喧嚷的黄浦江边，我一边念着Housman的A Shropshire Lad里的Come you home a heroOr come not home at all，The lads you leave will mind YouTill Ludlow tower shall fall 几句清诗， 一边呆呆的看着江中黝黑混浊的流水，曾经发了几多的叹声，滴了几多的眼泪。

你若知道我那时候的绝望的情怀，我想你去年的那几封微有怨意的信也不至于发给我了。

——啊，我想起了，你是不懂英文的，这几句诗我顺便替你译出吧。

“汝当衣锦归，否则永莫回，令汝别后之儿童望到拉德罗塔毁。

”摘自：《茑萝行》（原载一九二三年五月一日《创造季刊》第二卷第一号，据《达夫短篇小说集》上册）[No.4] 鼓手霍奇- []Drummer Hodge by Thomas HardyThey throw in Drummer Hodge, to restUncoffined – just as found:His landmark is a kopje-crestThat breaks the veldt around;And foreign constellations westEach night above his mound.Young Hodge the Drummer never knew –Fresh from his Wessex home –The meaning of the broad Karoo,The Bush, the dusty loam,And why uprose to nightly viewStrange stars amid the gloam.Yet portion of that unknown plainWill Hodge forever be;His homely Northern breast and brainGrow to some Southern tree,And strange-eyed constellation reignHis stars eternally. 鼓手霍奇  托玛斯·哈代 吕志鲁译 鼓手霍奇被扔进坑里掩埋，  正如找到时那样，没有棺材：  他的坟地是南非的一座小山，  把周围的平原稍稍撕开；  这坟墓上空的每个夜晚，  异国的星座在西边摆开。

 刚从威塞克斯老家来到这里，  年轻的鼓手霍奇弄不明白，  灌木丛丛，沃土扬尘，  广阔干旱的高原意义何在？

 昏暗的黑夜茫茫一片，  闪烁的星座好生奇怪。

 正是这无名平原的一角，  霍奇将要长眠，永不离开；  他将长成一棵南方的大树，  带着北方质朴的头脑、胸怀，  任凭星星闪烁陌生的眼睛，  把他的命运永远主宰。

[No.5] 不言的渴望- [] Leaves of Grass289. The Untold Want By Walt Whitman (1819–1892) THE untold want, by life and land ne’er granted, Now, Voyager, sail thou forth, to seek and find.

请原谅我先啰嗦《死亡诗社》 很多年前在英语课上看的《死亡诗社》，和我天真可爱心灵纯粹的童学们一齐感动得稀里糊涂，头脑一热，回家还找出剧本来读，后来在豆瓣上看见，四星吧（在我看来，四星是最高的星级了）。

冷风吹至，热情褪却，发现这电影仍脱离不了那商业性的煽情和那一贯夸张的启承转合。

这是不是年轻的好处呢？

哎呵，当年的年轻人一个个站到课桌上为Keating送别时，旁观的年轻人也早已热泪盈眶了；而今天，两分钟前，趁着午夜临睡前的异常清醒，我调出了《死亡诗社》的页面，将四星改为三星，只留下句“曾经沧海难为水”。

狼狼推荐看的《11度青春之-老男孩》，网页上的简介是：“梦想万劫不复，青春内牛满面”。

我尚未看过《老男孩》，只是突然觉得这句话换个角度，用来形容《死亡诗社》倒是再贴切不过了——梦想万劫不复，青春内牛满面——今日与青春作别，矫情一把，不愿再内牛满面。

我真的不是来错页面了，罗里啰嗦，就是因为这部《The History Boys》。

和《死亡诗社》一样的，《The History Boys》讲述的是一群为升入顶级高等学府做功课的年轻人。

太平实的电影，没有华丽的剧情或演员阵容，唯有演Hector的老头儿有些眼熟。

太绚烂的电影，灿若莲花的言谈间 莎士比亚的十四行诗信手拈来，灵活多变的课堂上 天马行空的思想刮起风暴。

太正经的电影，历史、艺术统统为功课让道，文法、诗歌全权向考试低头。

太浪漫的电影，缠绵悱恻的歌剧传达着我对你的情谊，羞涩爽朗的拥抱是最好的成年礼。

一点儿也不意外的结尾。

原来后面还有一个太过意外的结尾。

这，才是真的结尾。

结尾的结尾，却又有一个黑白默片似的结尾。

可是这次，好像又不是真的结尾了。

一直规规矩矩的电影，一反此时此刻的结局，以一种看似嘲弄的眼神盯着我们：嘿，年轻人，这就是人生。

（Rudge不是小大人般的说”History is just one fucking thing after another“吗？

一乐。

）电影用欣赏的口吻讲述着这些努力着的、迷惘着的、颓唐着的、纠缠着的年轻人的故事，为Oxford和Cambridge做准备的过程牵动着几多人心啊。

命运，你又是否为每个人准备好了一个happy ending 呢？

对于这个问题，《死亡诗社》戛然而止了，或许，它的立意太高远、太深长，已经不屑于回答这个问题了。

《The History Boys》也戛然而止了：倾倒的机车像丢弃在路旁的垃圾一般，支离破碎。

伴送年轻人离开学园的，不是满载祝福和希冀的欢歌，而是一曲悠扬的“Bye,bye,blackbird"，哀而不伤，可谓至此。

所以，这部电影，永远不会让我内牛满面。

我反倒常不经意的笑场：在Cripps喷饭的笑容中、在Dorothy帅气的谈吐中、在Ponser清澈的眼神中、在Hector的不拘一格中、在Rudge口齿不清的谬论中、在Irwin的保守和洒脱中……不胜枚举的细节，有如蜡炬燃烧时一点一滴流下的滚烫泪珠，铸成了一个堪称完美的故事。

没有一枝独秀的Keating（朋友曾感叹几世福分才能修来一个这样的老师，现在想来那时的我们真可爱呀），Dorthy、Hector、Irwin都是中规中矩的英国教育体制下普通普通再普通的教师，可谁能否认有这样一个组合的老师不也是一种幸运呢？

《死亡诗社》告诉我们：一个不寻常的老师带领一群无知的学生做不寻常的事情。

《The History Boys》告诉我们：一群寻常的老师带领一群有所知有所不知的学生做一件寻常的事情。

孰优孰劣，无从分辨。

我只知道，我会一直为《The History Boys》情不自禁的笑出声来，却再也不会为《死亡诗社》内牛满面了。

不走寻常路，你将无路可走。

——随着《死亡诗社》中的Keatingl老师激动一把，实乃误人子弟、谋财害命耳。

走好寻常路，你将不再寻常。

——伴着《The history boys》的课本论文考试中规中矩一次，迎接我们的是无悔的青春、无限的人生。

这次，真的结尾了，悠扬清朗的歌声再度响起：Bewitched, bothered and bewilderedam I……P.S.题外题内的话：恰同学少年， 风华正茂； 书生意气， 挥斥方遒。

指点江山， 激扬文字， 粪土当年万户侯。

曾记否， 到中流击水， 浪遏飞舟？

数风流人物，还看今朝。

Bewitched--高校男生 The History Boys 导 演： 尼古拉斯·希特纳 主 演： 理查德·格利菲斯 法西斯达娜桃亚 史蒂芬·坎贝尔·摩尔 地 区： 美国 类 型： 喜剧 剧情 上 映： 2006-11-22 好久没有能有时间看电影，更不用说写些什么。

象以往的很多次一样，英国背景的小品电影，又一次打动我。

The History Boys 来头不小，由新鲜夺得2005年劳伦斯.奥立佛大奖最佳新编舞台剧、最佳导演及最佳男主角三项大奖的舞台剧改编而来。

20世纪80年代，英国的YORK郡，年轻的男孩子门在发芽萌动的心痒痒的夏天，却要面对进入牛津剑桥的严酷挑战，一边是带他们进入艺术世界却也不时骚扰他们的同性恋老教授HECKTOR，一边是新闯入这所沉闷学校的英俊牛津毕业生老师，吸引着最优秀的漂亮男生的目光。

在严谨和感性的对抗中，戏剧中锤炼出的台词如同颗颗珍珠一般闪亮而优雅。

爱情，永远是这个年纪的孩子没有接受却必须经过的必修课。

DAKIN原来的骄傲是接近校长的美女小秘的三垒，却在感激和欣赏之中发现自己最想取悦的是年轻的新老师IRWIN，在拿到牛津的OFFER之后和IRWIN单独相处的对话，咄咄逼人的火辣辣的对话，也许是他之后一生都不会有的表白。

一直明恋着DAKIN的POSNER，BE WITCHED的歌曲被他演绎的深情无比，他的无结果的单恋和对IRWIN的嫉妒竟然没有一点灰色的悲伤，反而在最后的毕业时分，因为DAKIN一个理解的拥抱依然笑靥盛开。

他知道自己是什么样的人，也因而理解HECKTOR的苦楚，对于太多不能表示的爱或者情感，也许只有温和的注视和在别人哭泣的时候能够轻轻拍拍他的肩膀。

而也是他在最后，把HECKTOR的精神传承了下去，静静的承受，用不多的天才传递着爱，如他所讲：I AM NOT HAPPY， BUT I AM NOT UNHAPPY ABOUT IT。

即便是IRWIN，在最开始就被看破的漂亮老师，不管是不是有了勇气真的去追求性取向里的那份冲动，毕竟不会再在名校毕业里的谎言继续一个自己并不最爱的工作，而是去做了一个记者，去讲述自己看到和相信的世界。

教育中，什么是有用的，而什么又是值得的？

历史是不是真的有其真实，或者只是一连串可能的堆砌？

而面对每个人自己的历史，而如何去书写他？

导演并没有树立一个万世师表的标杆，或一群天天向上的好学生，并不想给出任何答案。

只是一个老爷爷，一个年轻教师和一群真实的年轻人的夏天。

突然WONDER为什么涉及到同性话题的电影总离不开夏天，也许这种时候，一切都肆意生长，有种种理由去不拒绝诱惑，或者仅仅是因为，生命，其实也都应该有一季绽放，甚至不为了结果。

电影的结尾,又一首注定要象CLOSER里面的BLOWERS DAUGHTER一样要被我记得的歌曲,同性恋歌手Rufus Wainwright翻唱的JAZZ老歌Bewitched,JAZZ就象爱情本身,被无数的人演绎,但总有一个人会有最让你心动的味道。

那一刻，就象HECKTOR所形容，象有一只手穿越层层时空，握住你的手，然后你知道，茫茫人海你并不寂寞。

原谅我又一次Bewitched BY 那些闪亮的台词，让我用HECKTOR最痛恨而IRWIN最喜欢的摘句来结束这文章：LOVE APART IS THE ONLY EDUCATION THAT WORTH HAVING.PASS IT ON，BOYS，TAKE IT，FEEL IT，PASS IT ON

Tom Irwin:But this is History. Distance yourselves. Our perspective on the past alters. Looking back, immediately in front of us is dead ground. We don't see it, and because we don't see it this means that there is no period so remote as the recent past. And one of the historian's jobs is to anticipate what our perspective of that period will be... even on the Holocaust. Tom Irwin: Um, Rudge... Mrs. Lintott: Now. How do you define history Mr. Rudge? Rudge: Can I speak freely, Miss? Without being hit? Mrs. Lintott: I will protect you. Rudge: How do I define history? It's just one fuckin' thing after another.

如题。

转：[extract from Act One of The History Boys by Alan Bennett]Classroom T : So we arrive eventually at the less-than-startling discovery that so far as the poets are concerned, the First World War gets the thumbs-down. We have the mountains of dead on both sides, right... "hecatombs", as you all seem to have read somewhere....Anybody know what it means?S1 : "Great public sacrifice of many victims, originally of oxen."S2 : Which, sir, since Wilfred Owen says men were dying like cattle, is the appropriate word.T : True, but no need to look so smug about it. What else? Come on, tick them all off.S3 : Trench warfare. S4 : Barrenness of the strategy.....[different suggestions from students]S5 : Collapse of Weiner Republic. Internal disorder. And... The Rise of Hitler !! T : So the overall conclusion is that the origins of the Second World War lie in the unsatisfactory outcome of the First. S5 : (doubtfully) Yes. (with more certainty) Yes. (Others students noded).T : First class. Bristol welcomes you with open arms. Manchester longs to have you. You can walk into Leeds. But I am a fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, and I have just read seventy papers saying the same thing and I am asleep....S6 : But it's all true. T : What has that got to do with it? What has that got to do with anything? Let's go back to 1914 and I'll put you a different case. Try this for size. Germany does not want war and if there is an arms race it is Britain who is leading it. Though there's no reason why we should want war. Nothing in it for us. Better stand back and let Germany and Russia fight it out while we take the imperial pickings. These are the facts. Why do we not care to acknowledge them? The cattle, the body count. We still don't like to admit the war was even partly our fault because so many of our people died. A photograph on very mantelpiece. And all this mourning has veiled the truth. It's not so much lest we forget, as lest we remember. Because you should realize that so far as the Cenotaph and the Last Post and all that stuff is concerned, there's no better way of forgetting something than by commemorating it. And S2.S2 : Sir?T : You were the one who was morally superior about Haig. (see bio of Haig)S2 : Passchendaele. The Somme. He was a butcher, sir.T : Yes, but at least he delivered the goods. No, no, the real enemy to Haig's subsequent reputation was the Unknown Solider. If Haig had had any sense he'd have had him disinterred and shot all over again for giving comfort to the enemy.S4 : So what about the poets, then?T : What about them? If you read what they actually say as distinct from what they wirte, most of them seem to have enjoyed the war. Siegfried Sassoon was a good officer. Saint Wilfred Owen couldn't wait to get back to his company. Both of them surprisingly bloodthirsty. Poetry is good up to a point. Adds flavour.S2 : It's the foreskin again, isn't it? Bit of garnish.T : (ignoring this) But if you want to relate the politics to the war, forget Wilfred Owen and try Kipling : ...S7 : Thanks a lot.T : "If any question why we died, Tell them because our fathers lied." In other words...S8 : Oh, no sir. With respect, can I stop you ? No, with a poem or any work of art we can never say "in other words". If it is a work of art there are no other words.S4 : Yes, sir. That's why it is a work of art in the first place. You can't look at a Rembrandt and say "in other words", can you, sir?S9 : So what's the verdict then, sir? What do I write down? T : You can write down, S9, that "I must not write down every word that teacher says."You can also write down that the First World War was a mistake. It was not a tragedy. And as for the truth, S6, which you were worrying about : truth is no more at issue in an examination than thirst at a wine-tasting or fashion at a striptease.S2 : Do you really believe that, sir, or are you just trying to make us think?S6 : You can't explain away the poetry, sir. S4 : No sir. Art wins in the end...